We should not target the Federal funds rate in any way. I assume the correct range is between negative and positive infinity. While Fed actions shall impact interest rates of various sorts, none should be at the mercy of specific targets but should rather float with changes in supply and demand. However, it is particularly important that the Fed specifically reject its past policy of targeting the fed funds rate. The Fed’s focus on a target for the rate has generated the myth that monetary policy is no more effective since it is so low. The answer isn’t to lower it a little more, but rather to clearly explain that the fed-money rate is no more of any interest to the Fed.
2. Whether to put an interest penalty on unwanted reserves. The Fed should pay an interest rate on unwanted reserves add up to 1/4 percent below the 4-week T-bill yield. Currently, that would be negative. So, the Fed should be charging banking institutions for holding unwanted reserves. This will not be described as a penalty.
The Fed is not punishing banks for hoarding reserves. The Fed is charging banking institutions for the privilege of keeping funds in a perfectly safe and liquid form when real investment opportunities involve risk and devote some time. While the current rate should be negative, week T-bill produces is higher than it should go above zero when the 4 .25 %. 3. Whether to do additional QE. Yes. The Fed should sell off its holdings of mortgage backed securities, but more than offset those sales with purchases of T-bills, bonds, and notes.
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The interest rates should be powered to zero on in the yield curve. While the yields on 4-week T-bills are almost zero, or T-bills the Fed can buy one, records maturing in 24 months, 3 years, and so forth. 4. Whether to create a NGDP or inflation focus on. NGDP is better than inflation, though a focus on is recommended by me for Total Last Sales of Home Product.
It does not include inventory investment. While including prepared inventory investment would be fine, the reason to use that way of measuring nominal expenditure rather than nominal GDP is to avoid including unplanned inventory investment. That this nationwide income accounting identity matters goods produced and not sold as having been sold to the manufacturer, and that “profits” on those unsold good count as income, makes it consistent with macroeconomic equilibrium hardly.
5. Whether to target growth rates or levels. The known level, or rather, the growth path, of nominal expenditure should be targeted. However, this only is practical if it’s the growth path of nominal expenses that has been targeted. Creating financial disequilibrium to pressure sticky equilibrium prices to some arbitrary level is counterproductive back. Reversing shortfalls or excess expenditures to avoid the need to make changes in sticky disequilibrium prices or wages is desirable. 6. And undoubtedly the key overarching question: Would the overall economy benefit from a rise in the ad, or nominal spending? Yes, the economy would benefit by a rise in nominal costs. Nominal expenditure is currently 9 percent below its long-haul pattern.
The notion that current real GDP is to add up to potential result and the existing unemployment rate is added up to the natural unemployment rate is highly implausible. I do think it likely that the current level of potential output is below the long-term development of real GDP. P.S. Bernanke should be terminated because he listened to Geithner and focused on bailing out broker-dealers on Wall Street rather than maintaining nominal expenses. He participated in the effort to scare Congress into approving this bailout.